The rotator cuff is a crucial group of four muscles and their tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and enable a wide range of arm movements. When one or more of these tendons tear—often due to repetitive strain, age-related degeneration, or an acute injury—surgical repair becomes necessary, especially if conservative treatments fail. This complex procedure typically involves reattaching the torn tendon securely to the head of the humerus (the upper arm bone). Most modern repairs are performed arthroscopically, using a tiny camera and specialized instruments inserted through small incisions.
The rehabilitation process following rotator cuff repair is extended and demanding, requiring significant patient commitment to ensure successful healing. Because the repaired tendon is exceptionally fragile, the initial phase focuses on strict immobilization of the shoulder in a sling, which must be worn for several weeks. Only passive motion is permitted initially, where a physical therapist or a machine moves the arm to prevent stiffness without stressing the repair. It often takes up to six months, or sometimes even longer, to regain full functional strength and range of motion.
